Total
physical response
History Total Physical Response
James Asher developed
the total physical response method as a result of his observation of the
language development of young children. Asher saw that most of the interactions
that young children experience with parents or other adults combine both verbal
and physical aspects. The child responds physically to the speech of the
parent, and the parent reinforces the child’s responses through further speech.
This creates a positive feedback loop between the parent’s speech and the
child’s actions.[1]
Asher also observed that young children typically spend a long time listening
to language before ever attempting to speak, and that they can understand and
react to utterances that are much more complex than those they can produce
themselves
What is Total physical response
Total physical response (TPR) is a language-teaching method developed by
James Asher, a professor emeritus of psychology
at San José State University. It is based on
the coordination of language and physical movement. In TPR, instructors give
commands to students in the target language, and students respond with whole-body
actions.
The method is an example of the comprehension approach to language
teaching. Listening serves a dual purpose; it is both a means of understanding
messages in the language being learned, and a means of learning the structure
of the language itself. Grammar is not taught explicitly, but is induced from
the language input.
A typical TPR activity
might contain instructions such as "Walk to the door", "Open the
door", "Sit down" and "Give Maria your dictionary".
The students are required to carry out the instructions by physically
performing the activities. Given a supportive classroom environment, there is
little doubt that such activities can be both motivating and fun, and it is
also likely that with even a fairly limited amount of repetition basic
instructions such as these could be assimilated by the learners, even if they
were unable to reproduce them accurately themselves.
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